Titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles are widely used in electronics, biology, andmedicine owing to their special properties.However,\r\nduring TiO2 nanoparticles exposure, nanoparticles may enter the blood circulation and translocate to the heart, and they may\r\nresult in negative effects on the cardiovascular system. In this study, we demonstrated that the anatase and rutile TiO2 nanoparticles\r\nhad potential toxicological effects on primary cultured cardiac myocytes of rat. After incubating with the anatase and rutile TiO2\r\nnanoparticles, the primary cultured cardiac myocytes had become elongated and appeared to detach from the surface of cell plate.\r\nAfter exposure to 50, 100, and 150 ??g/mL anatase and rutile TiO2 nanoparticles for 2 days, the obvious decrease of cell viability\r\nwas observed. And further studies showed that TiO2 nanoparticles exposure could induce the high expression of proinflammatory\r\ncytokines TNF-?? and IL-6, especially in 150 ??g/mL group. The long-rod rutile TiO2 had more strong effects on cell viability and\r\nproinflammatory cytokines induction than red-blood cells like anatase TiO2. Results indicated that TiO2 nanoparticles exposure\r\ncould impair the function of primary cultured cardiac myocytes of rat. Therefore, these findings support the view that much more\r\nattention should be aroused on the application of these nanoparticles and their potential exposure effects on human beings.
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